LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

Texas Instruments
LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB
Volume Production
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB - VOLTAGE REF, SHUNT, 5V, SOT-23-3 - Farnell 100-ppm/°C precision micropower shunt voltage reference 3-SOT-23 - Farnell V-Ref Precision 5V 15mA 3-Pin SOT-23 T/R - Arrow Electronics See more descriptions See less descriptions

Case/Package	SOT-23
Cathode Current	80uA
Current Rating	15A
Height	0.93mm
Lead Free	Lead Free
Length	2.92mm
Max Input Voltage	5V
Max Operating Temperature	85°C
Min Operating Temperature	-40°C
Max Output Current	15mA
Max Output Voltage	5V
Min Output Voltage	5V
Mount	Surface Mount
Nominal Supply Current	60mA
Number of Channels	1
Number of Pins	3
Output Current	15mA
Output Type	Fixed
Output Voltage	5V
Package Quantity	1000
Packaging	Tape and Reel
Radiation Hardening	No
Reach SVHC Compliant	No
Reference Type	Shunt, Fixed
Reference Voltage	5V
RoHS Compliant	Yes
Temperature Coefficient	30ppm/°C
Termination	SMD/SMT
Thickness	1mm
Tolerance	0.1%
Width	1.3mm

Texas Instruments

Official datasheet

Verical

Datasheet (pdf, 973.1 KB)

Element14

Datasheet (pdf, 1.3 MB)

Datasheet (pdf)

Jameco

Datasheet (pdf)

Arrow Electronics

Datasheet (pdf)

Loading indicators

Authorized Distributors

Mouser - 926-LM4040AIM350NOPB

$1.80

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 13,665

1	$1.80
10	$1.33
100	$1.19
1000	$1.19

Digikey - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPBCT-ND

$1.80

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 9,227

1	$1.80
10	$1.326
100	$1.0748
1000	$0.9431

Digikey - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPBDKR-ND

$1.80

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 9,227

1	$1.80
10	$1.326
100	$1.0748
1000	$0.9431

Digikey - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPBTR-ND

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 9,000

Verical - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$1.3165

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 356

10	$1.3165
100	$1.0705
1000	$0.9045

Arrow Electronics - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 0

Texas Instruments - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$1.603

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 0

1	$1.603
10	$1.603
100	$1.233
1000	$0.649

Associate Distributors

Microchip USA - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$6.27

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 3,644

100	$6.27
1000	$6.25

Component Stockers USA - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$1.83

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 58,221

1	$1.83
10	$1.63
100	$1.31
1000	$1.24

Weyland Electronics Group Pte. Ltd. - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

€0.60

Buy

Stock

Break

SG: 21,026

1	€0.60
10	€0.60
100	€0.60
1000	€0.60

Win Source - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$1.625

Buy

Stock

Break

CN: 19,440

100	$1.625
1000	$1.0833

Worldway Electronics - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$0.7393

Buy

Stock

Break

HK: 14,437

10	$0.7393
100	$0.7167
1000	$0.679

Chip One Stop - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

¥14.012

Buy

Stock

Break

JP: 2,613

1	¥14.012
10	¥10.3847
100	¥8.4072
1000	¥8.1473

Heisener Electronics - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$2.8275

Buy

Stock

Break

CN: 121,672

1	$2.8275
10	$2.8275
100	$2.8275
1000	$2.8275

Jak Electronics - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$2.4947

Buy

Stock

Break

HK: 21,534

1	$2.4947
10	$2.3535
100	$2.2202
1000	$1.976

Esaler Electronic - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$1.869

Buy

Stock

Break

HK: 1

1	$1.869
10	$1.851
100	$1.833
1000	$1.815

Lucentia Tech - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$6,768.40

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 6,768

1	$6,768.40
10	$6,429.98
100	$6,091.56
1000	$1.08

Fmall Co. Limited - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$0.6583

Buy

Stock

Break

HK: 40,090

1	$0.6583
10	$0.6583
100	$0.6159
1000	$0.5805

RX Electronics Limited - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$2.207

Buy

Stock

Break

CN: 9,429

10	$2.207
100	$1.799
1000	$1.675

Corohmni - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$2.00

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 5,574

1	$2.00
10	$2.00
100	$2.00
1000	$2.00

Ampacity Systems - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$2.00

Buy

Stock

Break

MY: 5,545

1	$2.00
10	$2.00
100	$2.00
1000	$2.00

Aztech - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$14.7088

Buy

Stock

Break

IT: 4,251

1	$14.7088
10	$14.7088
100	$14.7088
1000	$14.7088

LCSC - C140239

¥14.441

Buy

Stock

Break

CN: 60

1	¥14.441
10	¥12.5871
100	¥10.4139
1000	¥9.6748

SHENGYU ELECTRONICS - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$0.97

Buy

Stock

Break

CN: 47,417

1	$0.97
10	$0.9506
100	$0.9215
1000	$0.8924

Lixinc - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$1.89

Buy

Stock

Break

CN: 13,374

1	$1.89
10	$1.89
100	$1.89
1000	$0.8787

Bettlink - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$0.9832

Buy

Stock

Break

HK: 12,400

1	$0.9832
10	$0.8938
100	$0.82
1000	$0.7096

ALLICDATA ELECTRONICS - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$0.61

Buy

Stock

Break

HK: 11,000

1	$0.61
10	$0.5917
100	$0.5795
1000	$0.5673

ZTZ Technology Limited - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$0.788

Buy

Stock

Break

CN: 8,427

1	$0.788
10	$0.725
100	$0.662
1000	$0.536

Suntronic - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$2.079

Buy

Stock

Break

CN: 7,824

10	$2.079
100	$1.695
1000	$1.577

Vigor Components - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$1.89

Buy

Stock

Break

SG: 5,896

1	$1.89
10	$1.89
100	$1.89
1000	$1.89

Semicontronic - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$0.92

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 5,484

1	$0.92
10	$0.9016
100	$0.897
1000	$0.8924

Tactical IC USA - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$6.01

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 3,475

100	$6.01
1000	$6.01

Robosynatics - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$1.736

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 3,392

10	$1.736
100	$1.7013
1000	$1.6666

Cytech Systems - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$2.592

Buy

Stock

Break

CN: 2,214

1	$2.592
10	$2.4365
100	$2.3069
1000	$2.1773

J3 - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$20.028

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 40

1	$20.028
10	$20.028
100	$20.028
1000	$20.028

TME - LM4040AIM3-5.0NOPB

$1.81

Buy

Stock

Break

14: 3,882

1	$1.81
10	$1.33
100	$1.07
1000	$0.96

Classic Components - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 3,360

Freelance Electronics - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$6.86

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 540

1	$6.86
10	$6.86
100	$5.15
1000	$4.78

Quest - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$4.00

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 26

1	$4.00
10	$2.50
100	$2.50
1000	$2.50

Utmel Electronic - 2502-LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$1.404

Buy

Stock

Break

HK: 0

1	$1.404
10	$1.3245
100	$1.2496
1000	$1.1121

XingHuan International - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

Buy

Stock

Break

CN: 20,000

Lingto Electronic Ltd. - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

$2.42

Buy

Stock

Break

CN: 23,005

1	$2.42
10	$2.299
100	$2.178
1000	$2.1538

Rotakorn - 868257644

Buy

Stock

Break

SE: 290

Sourcengine - LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 2,613

RS (Formerly Allied Electronics) - 70021632

$0.897

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 0

1000

$0.897

Abacus Technologies - LM4040AIM3-5.0NOPB

Buy

Stock

Break

US: 0

Diodes LM4040D50FTA	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040DIM3-5.0	End of Life
TI National Semiconductor LM4050AEM3-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040D50QDBZR	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040DIM3-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
Diodes Zetex ZR40401F50TA	Volume Production
Diodes Zetex ZRB500F03TA	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050C50IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050C50QDBZRQ1	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050C50QDBZR	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4050AIM3-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040DEM3-5.0+T	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040CEM3-5.0+T	Volume Production
Analog Devices ADR5045BRTZ-REEL7	Volume Production
Analog Devices ADR5045BRTZ-R2	Not Recommended for New Design
Texas Instruments LM4040D50QDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050C50IDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments LM4040C50QDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050C50QDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments LM4040C50IDBZTG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040D50QDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040D50QDBZTG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050C50IDBZTG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments LM4040C50QDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040C50QDBZTG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050C50QDBZT	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050C50QDBZTG4	Obsolete
TI National Semiconductor LM4040DIM3X-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040AIM3X-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4050AIM3X-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4050AEM3X-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040CIM3-5.0+T	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040AIM35.0	Not Recommended for New Design
TI National Semiconductor LM4040DEM3-5.0	End of Life
TI National Semiconductor LM4050AIM3-5.0	End of Life
TI National Semiconductor LM4050AEM3-5.0	End of Life
Microchip LM4040DIM35.0	Obsolete
TI National Semiconductor LM4050AIM3X-5.0	Not Recommended for New Design
Microchip LM4040DIM3-5.0TR	Obsolete
Texas Instruments LM4050AEM3X-5.0	Obsolete
Texas Instruments LM4040AIM3X-5.0	End of Life
Texas Instruments LM4040DEM3X-5.0	End of Life
Maxim LM4040CIM3-5.0-T	Not Recommended for New Design
Maxim LM4040CIM3-5.0+	Not Recommended for New Design
Maxim LM4040CEM3-5.0	Not Recommended for New Design
Maxim LM4040DEM3-5.0	Unknown
Maxim LM4040DEM3-5.0+	Not Recommended for New Design
Texas Instruments LM4040C50IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040C50IDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040AIM3-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040CIM3-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
Maxim LM4050AEM3-5.0+T	Volume Production
Texas Instruments SN74LVC1T45DBVT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040D50IDBZT	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040CEM3X-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040CEM3X-5.0	End of Life
Microchip LM4040CYM3-5.0-TR	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM5009MM/NOPB	Volume Production
Texas Instruments SN7407DR	Volume Production
Diodes LM4040C50FTA	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040B41IDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments LDC1000EVM	Volume Production
Texas Instruments 430BOOST-SHARP96	Obsolete
Diodes Zetex ZRB500F01TA	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040DIM3-5.0+T	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040DIM3X-5.0	End of Life
Maxim LM4040DIM3-5.0	Not Recommended for New Design
Maxim LM4040DIM3-5.0+	Not Recommended for New Design
Microchip LM4040CIM3-5.0TR	End of Life
Texas Instruments LM4040A50IDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040C50QDBZR	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM22679TJE-5.0	Volume Production
Diodes Zetex ZR40402F50TA	Volume Production
Diodes Zetex ZRC250F01TA	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040A50IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050A50IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050A50QDBZR	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040AIM3-5.0+T	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040C50IDBZRG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050C50IDBZT	Not Recommended for New Design
Texas Instruments TL4050A50IDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050A50QDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050B50IDBZT	Not Recommended for New Design
Texas Instruments TL4050A50QDBZRQ1	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040A50IDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050A50QDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050A50QDBZTG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050A50IDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050A50IDBZTG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments LM4040A50IDBZTG4	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040AEM3-5.0+T	Volume Production
Diodes Zetex ZRC250F03TA	End of Life
Maxim LM4040AIM3-5.0	Not Recommended for New Design
Maxim LM4040AIM3-5.0+	Not Recommended for New Design
Maxim LM4040AEM3-5.0+	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040B20IDBZR	Volume Production
STMicroelectronics HCF4098BEY	Obsolete
Texas Instruments LM4040B41IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040B25IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050C41IDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments LM4040C41IDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040C41IDBZTG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050C41IDBZT	Not Recommended for New Design
Texas Instruments LM4040B41IDBZT	Volume Production
Multicomp 2227MC-16-03-09-F1	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050A41IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050A25QDBZR	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040CEM3-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040CIM3X-5.0	End of Life
Texas Instruments LM4040D41IDBZT	Volume Production
Molex 88732-8600	Volume Production
TE Connectivity AMP 0-0142270-3	Volume Production
Texas Instruments 430BOOST-SENSE1	Volume Production
Texas Instruments CC-DEBUGGER	Volume Production
Texas Instruments MSP-GANG	Volume Production
Texas Instruments EZ430-CHRONOS-433	End of Life
Texas Instruments EZ430-F2013	Volume Production
Capital Advanced Technologies 33223	Volume Production
STMicroelectronics LD1117S	Not Recommended for New Design
TI National Semiconductor LM1117IMP-ADJ/NOPB	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM1117IMPX-ADJ/NOPB	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TXB0104RUTR	Volume Production
Microchip LM4040DYM3-5.0-TR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040D50IDBZRG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040D50IDBZTG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TLV1117IDCYR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TLV70433DBVT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments 430BOOST-C55AUDIO1	Volume Production
Texas Instruments BOOSTXL-C2KLED	Volume Production
Fischer Elektronik DIL16SMDM	Volume Production
Texas Instruments BOOSTXL-SENSHUB	Volume Production
Texas Instruments BOOSTXL-DRV8301	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TUSB3410IVF	Volume Production
Texas Instruments CC3100BOOST	Volume Production
Texas Instruments MSP430G2231IN14	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040D50IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL783CKTTR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TPD2E009DBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments CC3200AUDBOOST	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040B25IDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040B20IDBZT	Volume Production
Diodes LM4040B25FTA	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040C41IDBZR	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040CIM3-4.1/NOPB	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B41IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B10QDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B10IDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B10QDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040B30IDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040B30IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040A20IDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040A30IDBZT	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040BIM3-3.0/NOPB	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040BIM325NOPB	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040DEM3-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4050CIM3-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040C30IDBZR	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040CIM3X-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040D41IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040C20IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040D10IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050C41IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040A41IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B25IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B10IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050C41QDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B25QDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B41QDBZR	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040BIM3-2.5+T	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040CIM3-4.1+T	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040BEM3-4.1+T	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B41QDBZRQ1	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4050CEM3-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040BIM3-2.1+T	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040D41IDBZRG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040C41IDBZRG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040D10IDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B10IDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050B25IDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050B41IDBZRG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050C41QDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments LM4040C20IDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B10QDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050B25QDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050B41QDBZRG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050C41IDBZTG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments LM4040B20IDBZRG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040B25IDBZRG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040B30IDBZRG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040C30QDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B10IDBZTG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050B25IDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B25IDBZTG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050B41IDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B41IDBZTG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050C41QDBZT	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050C41QDBZTG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050B10QDBZTG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050B25QDBZT	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050B25QDBZTG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments TL4050B41QDBZT	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050B41QDBZTG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040B20IDBZTG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040B25IDBZTG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040B30IDBZTG4	Obsolete
Texas Instruments LM4040B41IDBZTG4	Volume Production
Texas Instruments TL4050A25QDBZT	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040CIM3X-4.1/NOPB	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040DEM3X-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040BIM3-2.0/NOPB	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4050CIM3X-5.0/NOPB	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040CEM3-4.1+T	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040BEM3-2.1+T	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040BEM3-2.5+T	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040BIM3-4.1+T	Volume Production
TI National Semiconductor LM4040CIM3-4.1	End of Life
TI National Semiconductor LM4040CIM3-5.0	End of Life
TI National Semiconductor LM4040CIM3X-4.1	End of Life
Diodes LM4040B30FTA	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040BIM3-2.1T	Not Recommended for New Design
Maxim LM4040BIM3-2.5-T	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040BEM3-2.1T	Volume Production
Maxim LM4040BIM3-2.5+	Not Recommended for New Design
Maxim LM4040BIM3-4.1+	Not Recommended for New Design
Maxim LM4040CIM3-4.1+	Not Recommended for New Design
Maxim LM4040BEM3-2.1	Unknown
Maxim LM4040CEM3-4.1	Unknown
Maxim LM4040BEM3-2.5+	Unknown
Maxim LM4040BEM3-4.1+	Not Recommended for New Design
Maxim LM4040BIM3-2.1	Not Recommended for New Design
Maxim LM4040BIM3-2.1+	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040A20IDBZR	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040BIM3-10.0/NOPB	Volume Production
Texas Instruments LM4040BIM3-4.1/NOPB	Volume Production
Microchip LM4040CYM3-4.1-TR	Volume Production

See more alternatives See less alternatives